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3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Dina? Wrong! If the Dina is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Dina then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Dina? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Dina and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Dina wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Dina then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Dina site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Dina, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Dina, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (English language:
National Intelligence Directorate) or
DINA was the
Chile secret police in the government of Augusto Pinochet. DINA was established in November 1973, as an Army Intelligence unit headed by
Manuel Contreras and vice-director
Raúl Iturriaga, who fled from justice in 2007. It was separated from the Army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974, under the aegis of decree #521. DINA made it possible for Augusto Pinochet to come in to power.
DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the
Central Nacional de Información (CNI) (
National Information Center).
DINA internal suppression and human rights violations
Under decree #521, the DINA had the power to detain any individual only so long as there was a declared state of emergency. Such an administrative state wound up lasting almost the entire length of the Pinochet dictatorship. Torture of detainees was common, and rape of female detainees seemed routine.
Foreign involvement
The United States backed and supported the 1973 coup, and continued to aid the Pinochet dictatorship until it ended. Documents declassified from the CIA in September of 2000 revealed that the head of DINA in 1975 was a "paid CIA asset." The CIA actively supported the junta after the overthrow of Salvador Allende. The head of DINA, General Manuel Contreras, was made a paid asset despite continuing CIA reservations concerning the human rights abuses of the organization. Eventually the CIA became aware of DINA's "possible" involvement in the assassination of Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt in
Washington D.C., but they continued to maintain him as an asset. The CIA reports remain heavily excised.
DINA foreign assassinations and operations
DINA was involved in Operation Condor, as well as
Operation Colombo.
In July 1976, two magazines in
Argentina and Brazil published the names of 119 Chilean
leftist opponents, claiming they had been killed in internal disputes unrelated to the Pinochet regime. Those two magazines would disappear after this one and only issue. Judge
Juan Guzmán Tapia would eventually ask Chilean justices to lift Pinochet's immunity in this case, called "Operation Colombo", having accumulated evidence that he had ordered the DINA to plant this disinformation, in order to cover up the "disappearance" and murder by the Chilean secret police of those 119 persons. On September 2005, Chile's Supreme Court would accept the lifting of Pinochet's immunity on this case. Judge
Victor Montiglio, who took over the case after Juan Guzmán Tapia's retirement a few months before, has yet to name the doctors who would statue on Pinochet's health and ability to be interrogated. Victor Montiglio is known as a Pinochetist, and supports military auto-amnesty laws. He has already accorded amnesty to Manuel Contreras, who was given firm prison sentence in 2004 in the Operation Colombo trial.
Carlos Prats's 1974 assassination and Orlando Letelier's 1976 assassination
DINA worked with international agents, such as Michael Townley, who assassinated former Chilean minister Orlando Letelier in Washington DC in 1976, as well as General Carlos Prats in
Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1974. According to a CIA document released in 2000, French Organisation de l'Armée Secrète member Albert Spaggiari also acted as intermediary for the DINA in Europe, as well as Italian neo-fascist terrorist
Stefano Delle Chiaie (alias ALFA). CIA documents published by the
National Security Archives, 2,1 2,5 2,6 (see 2,6 for Spaggiari and Delle Chiaie work for DINA In a 1979 letter declassified in 2000, Michael Townley stated: "They were meetings between him Contreras, his Excellency Pinochet, and the Italians in Spain after Francisco Franco died. Also the Italians carried out numerous act of military espionage against the Peruvians and Argentines not only in Europe, but also in Peru and Argentina". Visit of Chilean President Pinochet to Spain During November 1975 with General Contreras, where they met with "ALFA", an Italian terrorist, document declassified in 2000 by the CIA, published by the National Security Archive
Michael Townley described numerous meetings between Pinochet and Italian terrorists and spies as well as Pinochet's meetings with anti-Castro Cubans .
Michael Townley worked with Eugenio Berríos on producing
sarin gas in the 1970s, in a house DINA had in the district of Lo Curro, Santiago de Chile.{{
cite news] El coronel que le pena al ejército,
La Nación (Chile), September 24, 2005
Colonia Dignidad
Investigations by
Amnesty International and the Chilean
National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report have verified that Colonia Dignidad, long held for a center used for delusions of ex-Nazi Paul Schäfer, was used by DINA as a concentration camp for the detention and
torture of political prisoners. Most accounts have this happening between 1973 and 1977 but precise dates are not known. Boris Weisfeiler, in particular, is thought to have disappeared near Colonia Dignidad.
The son of DINA head Manuel Contreras claims that his father and Pinochet visited Colonia Dignidad in 1974, and that his father and Schäfer were good friends. The current leader of Villa Baviera admits that torture took place within the old colony, but claims that Villa Baviera is a new entity.
In March 2005, former DINA agent Michael Townley acknowledged to links between Colonia Dignidad and DINA, as well as relations with the
Bacteriologic weapons. He would have spoken about
biological experiments imposed to detainees, with the help of the fore-mentioned laboratory and another one, that used to be situated on Via Naranja de lo Curro Street. According to Townley, former Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei Montalva was assassinated by a poison made at Colonia Dignidad. Michael Townley fue interrogado por muerte de Frei Montalva,
Radio Cooperativa, March 30, 2005
Others
On an undated letter to Augusto Pinochet, CIA and DINA agent
Michael Townley advised him that Virgilio Paz Romero, an anti-Castro Cuban, was taking photographs of British
prisons in
Northern Ireland in 1975 as a DINA assignment. The photographs were to be used by the Chilean government at the United Nations in New York to discredit the United Kingdom and accuse them of
human rights violations. But they arrived too late to be used, and were finally published in
El Mercurio. Activities of Virgilio Paz in Northern Ireland during 1975, National Security Archive
References
See also
External links
- Good History of the Organization
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (
English language:
National Intelligence Directorate) or
DINA was the Chile
secret police in the government of
Augusto Pinochet. DINA was established in
November 1973, as an Army Intelligence unit headed by Manuel Contreras and vice-director
Raúl Iturriaga, who fled from justice in 2007. It was separated from the Army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974, under the aegis of decree #521. DINA made it possible for Augusto Pinochet to come in to power.
DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the
Central Nacional de Información (
CNI) (
National Information Center).
DINA internal suppression and human rights violations
Under decree #521, the DINA had the power to detain any individual only so long as there was a declared
state of emergency. Such an administrative state wound up lasting almost the entire length of the Pinochet dictatorship. Torture of detainees was common, and rape of female detainees seemed routine.
Foreign involvement
The
United States backed and supported the 1973 coup, and continued to aid the Pinochet dictatorship until it ended. Documents declassified from the
CIA in September of 2000 revealed that the head of DINA in 1975 was a "paid CIA asset." The CIA actively supported the junta after the overthrow of Salvador Allende. The head of DINA, General Manuel Contreras, was made a paid asset despite continuing CIA reservations concerning the human rights abuses of the organization. Eventually the CIA became aware of DINA's "possible" involvement in the assassination of
Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt in
Washington D.C., but they continued to maintain him as an asset. The CIA reports remain heavily excised.
DINA foreign assassinations and operations
DINA was involved in Operation Condor, as well as
Operation Colombo.
In July 1976, two magazines in
Argentina and
Brazil published the names of 119 Chilean leftist opponents, claiming they had been killed in internal disputes unrelated to the Pinochet regime. Those two magazines would disappear after this one and only issue. Judge Juan Guzmán Tapia would eventually ask Chilean justices to lift
Pinochet's immunity in this case, called "Operation Colombo", having accumulated evidence that he had ordered the DINA to plant this disinformation, in order to cover up the "disappearance" and murder by the Chilean secret police of those 119 persons. On September 2005, Chile's Supreme Court would accept the lifting of Pinochet's immunity on this case. Judge Victor Montiglio, who took over the case after Juan Guzmán Tapia's retirement a few months before, has yet to name the doctors who would statue on Pinochet's health and ability to be interrogated. Victor Montiglio is known as a Pinochetist, and supports military auto-amnesty laws. He has already accorded amnesty to Manuel Contreras, who was given firm prison sentence in 2004 in the Operation Colombo trial.
Carlos Prats's 1974 assassination and Orlando Letelier's 1976 assassination
DINA worked with international agents, such as
Michael Townley, who assassinated former Chilean minister
Orlando Letelier in Washington DC in 1976, as well as General Carlos Prats in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, in 1974. According to a
CIA document released in 2000, French Organisation de l'Armée Secrète member
Albert Spaggiari also acted as intermediary for the DINA in Europe, as well as Italian neo-fascist terrorist
Stefano Delle Chiaie (alias ALFA). CIA documents published by the National Security Archives, 2,1 2,5 2,6 (see 2,6 for Spaggiari and Delle Chiaie work for DINA In a 1979 letter declassified in 2000, Michael Townley stated: "They were meetings between him Contreras, his Excellency Pinochet, and the Italians in Spain after
Francisco Franco died. Also the Italians carried out numerous act of military espionage against the Peruvians and Argentines not only in Europe, but also in Peru and Argentina". Visit of Chilean President Pinochet to Spain During November 1975 with General Contreras, where they met with "ALFA", an Italian terrorist, document declassified in 2000 by the CIA, published by the
National Security Archive Michael Townley described numerous meetings between Pinochet and Italian terrorists and spies as well as Pinochet's meetings with anti-Castro Cubans .
Michael Townley worked with
Eugenio Berríos on producing sarin gas in the 1970s, in a house DINA had in the district of Lo Curro,
Santiago de Chile.{{
cite news] El coronel que le pena al ejército,
La Nación (Chile), September 24, 2005
Colonia Dignidad
Investigations by
Amnesty International and the Chilean
National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report have verified that Colonia Dignidad, long held for a center used for delusions of
ex-Nazi Paul Schäfer, was used by DINA as a
concentration camp for the detention and
torture of political prisoners. Most accounts have this happening between 1973 and 1977 but precise dates are not known. Boris Weisfeiler, in particular, is thought to have disappeared near Colonia Dignidad.
The son of DINA head Manuel Contreras claims that his father and Pinochet visited Colonia Dignidad in 1974, and that his father and Schäfer were good friends. The current leader of Villa Baviera admits that torture took place within the old colony, but claims that Villa Baviera is a new entity.
In March 2005, former DINA agent Michael Townley acknowledged to links between Colonia Dignidad and DINA, as well as relations with the Bacteriologic weapons. He would have spoken about
biological experiments imposed to detainees, with the help of the fore-mentioned laboratory and another one, that used to be situated on Via Naranja de lo Curro Street. According to Townley, former Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei Montalva was assassinated by a poison made at Colonia Dignidad. Michael Townley fue interrogado por muerte de Frei Montalva,
Radio Cooperativa, March 30, 2005
Others
On an undated letter to Augusto Pinochet, CIA and DINA agent
Michael Townley advised him that Virgilio Paz Romero, an anti-Castro Cuban, was taking photographs of British prisons in Northern Ireland in 1975 as a DINA assignment. The photographs were to be used by the Chilean government at the
United Nations in New York to discredit the United Kingdom and accuse them of
human rights violations. But they arrived too late to be used, and were finally published in
El Mercurio. Activities of Virgilio Paz in Northern Ireland during 1975, National Security Archive
References
See also
External links
- Good History of the Organization
Dina, London Courtesan
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DINA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (English: National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the Chilean secret police in the government of Augusto Pinochet.
Dina Wadia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dina (Deenbai) Wadia is the daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founding father of Pakistan.
Danish Informatics Network in the Agricultural Sciences
Dina is a network connecting scientists and research activities at universities, research institutions, extension services and industries throughout Denmark.
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